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Virgin of Montserrat
Our Lady of Montserrat or the Virgin of Montserrat ((カタルーニャ語、バレンシア語:Mare de Déu de Montserrat)) is a statue of the Virgin Mary and infant Christ venerated at the Santa Maria de Montserrat monastery on the Montserrat Mountain in Catalonia. She is the Patron Saint of Catalonia,〔("Our Lady" ), on the official "Visit Montserrat Monastery" website (in Catalan, Spanish, English, French and Russian). She was declared the Patron Saint of Catalonia by Pope Leo XIII in 1881.〕〔("The Feast" ), under "Spirituality", on the official Montserrat Monastery website (in Catalan, Spanish and English).〕 an honour she shares with Saint George (''Sant Jordi'' in Catalan).〔("Tradition in Catalonia" ), in the Sant Jordi 2014 section of the Catalan Government's website (in Catalan, Spanish and English).〕〔("Els Patrons de Catalunya" ), Archdiocese of Barcelona (text in Catalan).〕 It is one of the black Madonnas of Europe, hence its familiar Catalan name, ''la Moreneta'' ("the little dark-skinned one" or "the little dark one"). Believed by some to have been carved in Jerusalem in the early days of the Church, it is more likely a Romanesque sculpture in wood from the late 12th century.〔Simonis, Damien. Spain, Lonely Planet, 2009 (page 367) ISBN 174179000X〕
==History==
The mountain of Montserrat has been of religious significance since pre-Christian times, when the Romans built a temple to honor Venus.〔("Montserrat monastery", Barcelona )〕
By one account, the image of the Madonna was moved to Montserrat in 718, to avoid the danger posed by invading Saracens.〔(Duricy, Michael P., "Black Madonnas: Our Lady of Montserrat", Marian Library, University of Dayton )〕
Legend has it that the Benedictine monks could not move the statue to construct their monastery, choosing to instead build around it. The statue's sanctuary is located at the rear of the chapel, where an altar of gold surrounds the icon, and is now a site of pilgrimage.
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